Varicose veins are one of the most common vascular conditions in the general population and can significantly reduce a person’s quality of life. As the veins enlarge and become more visible, this condition may lead to pain, swelling, fatigue, and aesthetic concerns over time. While medical or cosmetic treatments may be sufficient for some patients, advanced cases may require surgery. In this article, we will take an in-depth look at varicose vein surgery, including when it is necessary, how it is performed, and who is a suitable candidate.

What Are Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins occur when veins enlarge and rise to the skin’s surface. They are most commonly seen in the legs and are more frequent among individuals who stand for long periods or have a genetic predisposition. Mild cases may not cause pain or symptoms, but as the condition progresses, serious circulation issues can arise, negatively affecting quality of life.

At this point, surgery may become an option for advanced varicose veins.

What Is Varicose Vein Surgery?

Varicose vein surgery involves the surgical removal of enlarged, malfunctioning veins. The procedure can be performed using different techniques depending on the location and severity of the varicose veins. Typically done under local or general anesthesia, this surgery aims to permanently eliminate the problematic veins.

When Is Varicose Vein Surgery Considered?

Surgery is not recommended for every varicose vein case. Mild to moderate varicose veins can often be managed with medication, lifestyle changes, compression stockings, or procedures like laser therapy or sclerotherapy. However, surgery may be considered under the following circumstances:

1. If Medical Treatments Are Ineffective
   When medical treatments and non-invasive procedures fail to relieve symptoms, surgery may be a suitable option.

2. If Varicose Veins Are Advanced
   In cases where veins are visibly enlarged, hardened, and painful, surgical removal of these veins may be necessary.

3. If Pain and Swelling Affect Daily Life
   If pain worsens with prolonged standing and begins to interfere with daily activities, surgery may be recommended.

4. If Skin Discoloration or Ulcers Develop
   Advanced varicose veins can lead to brownish skin discoloration, eczema-like symptoms, or open sores. Surgery may help prevent further complications.

5. If There Is a Risk of Blood Clots
   Pooling of blood in dilated veins can lead to clot formation over time. In such cases, surgery may be considered.

6. If Aesthetic Concerns Are Significant
   For some patients, varicose veins are not only a medical issue but also a cosmetic concern. Surgery can address the unsightly appearance of large, visible veins.

Who Is a Candidate for Varicose Vein Surgery?

Varicose vein surgery is often recommended for the following groups:

• Individuals over 40 with advanced varicose veins

• Those who stand for long periods and are at higher occupational risk

• Patients with a genetic predisposition to varicose veins

• Individuals who have not responded successfully to sclerotherapy or laser treatment

• Patients with severe vein deformities that significantly impair circulation

However, surgery may not be suitable for everyone. Patients with blood clotting disorders, certain cardiovascular conditions, or pregnant women may be at higher risk. Therefore, the decision must be made by a vascular surgeon after thorough examination and evaluation.

What Are the Surgical Methods for Varicose Veins?

Varicose vein surgery can be performed using various techniques depending on the patient’s condition. The most common methods include:

• Stripping: Used for extensive, severe varicose veins; the enlarged vein is removed.

• Ambulatory Phlebectomy: Small incisions are made to remove segments of the vein; cosmetically favorable.

• Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA): A minimally invasive procedure where laser energy is applied inside the vein to close it.

• Radiofrequency Ablation: Similar to EVLA but uses radiofrequency energy instead of laser.

The choice of method depends on the patient’s vein structure, type of varicose veins, and overall health condition. Each method has its own advantages and limitations.

Postoperative Recovery

The recovery period after varicose vein surgery varies depending on the technique used. Traditional methods like stripping may require several weeks of rest, while more modern methods may allow same-day discharge.

Post-surgery, patients are advised to wear compression stockings, take regular walks, elevate their legs, and attend follow-up appointments. Medications should be taken as prescribed, and scheduled check-ups should not be missed.

Are There Risks Associated with Varicose Vein Surgery?

As with any surgical procedure, varicose vein surgery carries certain risks, including infection, bleeding, nerve damage, and clot formation. However, when performed by an experienced surgeon under proper hospital conditions, the risk of complications is quite low.

Conclusion
Varicose vein surgery offers an effective solution not only for patients with advanced varicose vein problems but also for those who do not benefit from medical treatments and experience significant cosmetic or quality-of-life issues. It is essential to make this decision based on the evaluation of a specialist physician. When performed on the right patients using appropriate techniques, varicose vein surgery can improve quality of life and provide long-term relief.